The term ‘smart city’ refers to the integration of technology within urban spaces to collect data to address economic, social, and environmental challenges (Vito Albino et al., 2015). US smart city initiatives have presented legal problems including: infringement of privacy rights (U.S. v. Jones (2012)), stifling the voice of residents (Frug and Barron, 2008), and limiting citizen participation in decision-making (Lefebvre, 1968). Cities innovative responses include: Boston’s “Smart Street” program to collect data through an agreement with Verizon; Phoenix’s ‘smart region’ (“the Connective”), connecting 22 cities and towns; and Pittsburgh’s Open Data Legislation (2014), with a process for identifying and approving datasets for publication.

Keywords: Smart Cities, Privacy, Law, US Law, UK Law, Law and Technology, Smart City Law, US Constitutional Law, UK Constitutional Law, US Privacy Law